General Specifications:
Size and Weight:
- Adult Size: 7 to 12 inches (18 to 30 cm) in carapace length.
- Weight: Typically between 2 to 5 pounds (0.9 to 2.3 kg), though this can vary depending on the species.
Lifespan:
- In Captivity: 20 to 50 years, with proper care.
- In the Wild: Typically shorter due to environmental factors and predation.
Habitat:
- Natural Range: These turtles are native to various parts of Africa, including West Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa.
- Environment: They are found in slow-moving rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes, and swamps. They prefer warm, still waters with muddy bottoms and plenty of vegetation.
Behavior and Lifestyle:
- Temperament: Generally, they are shy and can be somewhat reclusive. However, they can become more interactive and less timid in captivity over time.
- Activity: They are semi-aquatic, spending time both in the water and on land. They are mostly diurnal, being active during the day.
Diet:
- In the Wild: Omnivorous diet consisting of aquatic plants, insects, fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and carrion.
- In Captivity: A balanced diet can include commercial turtle pellets, insects (like crickets), earthworms, small fish, leafy greens, and aquatic plants.
Reproduction:
- Breeding: Typically breed during the rainy season in the wild. Mating occurs in water.
- Eggs: Females lay clutches of 6 to 18 eggs on land, usually in a dug nest. Incubation lasts 60 to 100 days depending on temperature.
Temperature and Humidity:
- Water Temperature: 75-85°F (24-29°C).
- Basking Area Temperature: 90-95°F (32-35°C).
- Humidity: They thrive in high-humidity environments, particularly near water bodies.
Captive Care:
- Tank Setup: Requires a large tank with both water and land areas. A tank size of at least 75 gallons is recommended for adults.
- Water Quality: Must be maintained with filtration, and the water should be changed regularly to prevent bacterial growth.
- Basking Spot: A UVB light should be provided to ensure proper calcium metabolism and shell health.
Special Features:
- Shell: Their shell is typically oval and slightly domed, with a color ranging from dark brown to olive, often with yellow or tan patterns.
- Neck Retraction: Unlike other turtles, African tortoise retract their heads sideways under the edge of their shell, not straight back.
Common Health Issues:
- Shell Rot: Due to bacterial infections, often caused by poor water quality.
- Respiratory Infections: Can be common if the environment is too cold or too damp.
- Vitamin A Deficiency: Leading to eye and skin issues.
Proper care and a well-maintained environment are crucial for the health and longevity of African sideneck turtles in captivity.